It’s all an illusion.
The ring’s four bright specks are nothing but reflected light.
They’re visible thanks to a phenomenon called gravitational lensing.
Einstein Rings are perhaps the clearest way to observe this phenomenon.
They only occur when two objects are perfectly aligned — one behind the other, from our vantage point.
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And there’s another piece to this visual trick: a massive quasar is nested in the very center of the ring, illuminating the entire cluster.
They are the product of gas and dust falling into supermassive black holes, emitting electromagnetic radiation.
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